ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO:Investigar el patrón de distribución espacial de la tasa de homicidios y su relación con las características sociodemográficas en las delegaciones de Benito Juárez, Coyoacán y Cuauhtémoc de la Ciudad de México en el año 2010. MÉTODOS: Estudio inferencial de corte transversal que usa métodos de análisis espacial para estudiar la asociación espacial de la tasa de homicidios y las características demográficas. La asociación espacial fue determinada a través del cociente de localización, análisis de regresión múltiple y el uso de la regresión geográficamente ponderada. RESULTADOS: Los homicidios muestran un patrón de localización heterogéneo con altas tasas en zonas con uso del suelo no residencial, con baja densidad de población y baja marginación. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de herramientas de análisis espacial son instrumentos poderosos para el diseño de políticas de seguridad pública preventiva y recreativa que busquen reducir la mortalidad por causas externas como homicidios.
OBJECTIVE:Investigate the spatial distribution pattern of the homicide rate and its relation to sociodemographic features in the Benito Juárez, Coyoacán, and Cuauhtémoc districts of Mexico City in 2010. METHODS: Inferential cross-sectional study that uses spatial analysis methods to study the spatial association of the homicide rate and demographic features. Spatial association was determined through the location quotient, multiple regression analysis, and the use of geographically weighted regression. RESULTS: Homicides show a heterogeneous location pattern with high rates in areas with non-residential land use, low population density, and low marginalization. CONCLUSIONS: Spatial analysis tools are powerful instruments for the design of prevention- and recreation-focused public safety policies that aim to reduce mortality from external causes such as homicides.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Cattle , Rats , Hypoxia/metabolism , Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism , Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism , Animals, Congenic , Hypoxia/genetics , Arterioles/metabolism , Cation Transport Proteins/deficiency , Cation Transport Proteins/genetics , Cell Hypoxia , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics , Chronic Disease , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Homeostasis , Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics , Intracellular Space/metabolism , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology , Rats, Inbred WKY , Zinc/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective: to present 3 cases of intracranial cystic meningiomas with histological confirmation; and to review this relatively uncommon finding. Description: cystic meningiomas account for about 2-4 por ciento of intracranial meningiomas and their clinical presentation is similar to that of noncystic meningiomas; but in some cases, quick neurological deterioration may occur, perhaps due to rapid intratumoral cyst expansion among other causes. These lesions have been mistaken for astrocytomas, hemangioblastomas, neuroblastomas and metastasis. A thorough radiographic examination allows us to make the diagnosis of meningiomas in a high percentage of cases; however, even with CAT scanning. MRI and cerebral arteriography, diagnosis of cystic meningiomas is difficult. Tumor cells may be present in the cyst wall, so that resection of the solid portion alone carries the chance of tumor recurrence. Because of that, a total cyst excision in some cases is the goal to prevent tumor recurrence. Intervention: in the last three years, we have operated three cases of cystic meningiomas, two females and one male patien among 35-43 years old, all of them went to gross total surgical removal (Simpson II) of the solid and cystic portion; the pathological examination revealed a "meningothelial type"in two of them and a "sincitial type" in the other. Conclusion: proper surgical management depends on early recognition so that curative excision is not replaced by palliative surgery